Pulmonology

Service Description

Respiratory System The main function of the respiratory system is gas exchange during which oxygen from the atmosphere is transferred into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the bloodstream is expelled into the atmosphere. The three major parts of the respiratory system are the airways, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration. All work together to carry out their task. The airway is the passage through which air reaches alveoli, the functional unit of lungs. Gas exchange takes place at alveolar-endothelial membrane. The muscles of respiration, such as the diaphragm, work in unison to pump air into and out of the lungs whilst breathing. Lungs The lungs are the primary organs of respiration in humans. Humans have two lungs, which are situated within the thoracic cavity of the chest. Major function is gas exchange. The lungs possess several characteristics which protect against infections. They are involved in the maintenance of homeostasis. They help in the regulation of blood pressure as part of the renin-angiotensin system. The lungs are involved in the blood’s acid-base homeostasis by expelling carbon dioxide when breathing. The lungs also play a pivotal role in speech by providing air and airflow for the creation of vocal sounds Common Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Diseases • Cough • Sputum • Wheezing • Chest pain/feeling of heaviness in chest • Hemoptysis • Breathlessness/Shortness of Breath • Nasal Block/Discharge/Sneezing with or without headache • Snoring/excessive daytime sleepiness/gasping and choking sensations that arouse the patient from sleep/morning headache Diseases of Respiratory System NOSE: can be caused due to allergy or infection. • Allergic Rhinitis • Rhinosinusitis • Sinusitis • Nasal Polyposis • Allergic Aspergillus Sinusitis Lungs • Airway Diseases like Asthma • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) • Ventilatory Disorders(acute/ARDS and chronic respiratory failure). • Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases (Sarcoidosis/IPF) • Haemoptysis • Pulmonary Vascular Diseases • Pulmonary embolism. • Lung Cancer • Pleural Diseases (pneumothorax/ pleural effusion/ empyema/ hemothorax/ hydropneumothorax) • Pulmonary Infections (bacterial, viral and fungal) • Mycobacterial infections (TB/MDR-TB/XDR-TB) • Suppurative Lung diseases (Lung Abscess) • Allergic BronchopulmonaryAspergillosis (ABPA) Thoracis Cage • Scoliosis • Kyphosis • kyphoscoliosis • Diaphragmatic weakness/paralysis